Vitamin

Vitamins are a group of organic nutrients, required in small quantities for a variety of biochemical functions that, generally, cannot be synthesized by the body and must therefore be supplied in the diet.

Breast Cancer

Cancer is a condition where cells have lost the normal control mechanism, so that the growth of abnormal, rapid and uncontrolled. Breast cancer is cancer of breast tissue.

According to World Health Organization (WHO) it is included in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) with code number 17. This is the most common type of cancer that affects women. Men can also develop breast cancer, although less likely than 1 in 1000.

Obesity

Definition
Obesity means having too much body fat that may effect health.

Etiology
~ Genetic factor
~ Endocrine factor such hypothiroidism

Hypertention

Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms. Long term high blood pressure, however, is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, vision loss, and chronic kidney disease.

Diabetes Foot Pain

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. The number of cases continues to increase.

If it is uncontrolled, diabetes can lead to acute and chronic complications. Acute complications of diabetes such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemia status, whereas chronic

Myoglobin

Myoglobin, a hemeprotein present in heart and skeletal muscle, functions both as a reservoir for oxygen, and as an oxygen carrier that increases the rate of transport of oxygen within the muscle cell.

Myoglobin consists of a single polypeptide chain that is structurally similar to the individual subunit polypeptide chains of the hemo globin molecule. This homology makes myoglobin a useful model for interpreting some of the more complex properties of hemoglobin.

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is found exclusively in red blood cells (RBCs), where its main function is to transport oxygen (O2) from the lungs to the capillaries of the tissues. Hemoglobin A, the major hemoglobin in adults, is composed of four polypeptide chains held together by noncovalent interactions.Each subunit has stretches of  a helical structure, and a heme-binding pocket similar to that described for myoglobin. However, the tetrameric hemoglobin molecule is structurally and functionally more complex than myoglobin. For example, hemoglobin

Globular Protein

Hemeproteins are a group of specialized proteins that contain heme as a tightly bound prosthetic group. The role of the heme group is dictated by the environment created by the three-dimensional structure of the protein. In hemo globin and myoglobin, the two most abundant hemeproteins in humans, the heme group serves to reversibly bind oxygen.

Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia

There are some optional available to treat iron deficiency anemia such as supplements or foods.

Iron supplements

This supplement can help restore the iron level in body. For the best impact, the patients need to take the supplement before meal (empty stomach) to increase the absorption. The supplement is needed for several months and may cause constipation. The most common supplement is ferrous sulphate.

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional anemia. It occurs when your body does not have enough iron. Body needs iron to make RBCs and Hemoglobin. In body, Hb carry oxygen to your tissue. Also, you need oxygen to form energy (ATP). In children, iron deficiency anemia usually is caused by helminthes.

Glycogen Metabolism

Glycogen is a very lage branched polymer that readily mobilized storage form of glucose. Our body needs energy. It is accumulated in response to insulin and broken down into glucose

Structure and Function

Necrosis

Coagulative necrosis is a form of necrosis in which the underlying tissue architecture is preserved for at least several days (Fig. 1–9). The affected tissues take on a firm texture. Presumably the injury denatures not only structural proteins but also enzymes, thereby blocking the proteolysis of the dead cells; as a result, eosinophilic, anucleate cells may persist for days or weeks. Leukocytes are recruited

Mood Disorder

Mood can be defined as a pervasive and sustained emotion or feeling tone that influences a person’s behavior and colors his or her perception of being in the world. Disorders of mood—sometimes called affective disorders—make up an important category of psychiatric illness consisting of depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and other disorders, which are discussed in this section and in the section that follows.

Hypertrophy

Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells resulting in increase in the size of the organ. In contrast, hyperplasia is characterized by an increase in cell number because of proliferation of differentiated cells and replacement by tissue stem cells. Stated another way, in pure hypertrophy there are no new cells, just bigger cells containing increased amounts of structural proteins and

Albinism

Albinism is a congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes due to absence or defect of tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme involved in the production of melanin.

Insomnia

Insomnia is a persistent disorder that can make it hard to fall asleep, hard to stay asleep or both, despite the opportunity for adequate sleep. Many adults experience insomnia at some point, but some people have long-term (chronic) insomnia. Insomnia may be the primary problem, or it may be secondary due to other causes, such as a disease or medication.

Kleptomania

The essential feature of kleptomania is a recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal objects not needed for personal use or for monetary value. The objects taken are often given away, returned surreptitiously, or kept and hidden. Persons with kleptomania usually have the money to pay for the objects they impulsively steal.

Hemophilia

Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder that slows the blood clotting process. This bleeding can damage organs and tissues and may be life threatening.

The two main types of hemophilia are hemophilia A (also known as classic hemophilia or factor VIII deficiency) and hemophilia B (also known as Christmas disease or factor IX deficiency).

Leukocyte

White blood cell, also called leukocyte or white corpuscle, a cellular component of the blood that lacks hemoglobin, has anucleus, is capable of motility, and defends the body against infection and disease by ingesting foreign materials and cellular debris, by destroying infectious agents and cancer cells, or by producing antibodies.

Erythrocyte

The structure and composition of red blood cells reflects their highly specialized function: to deliver the maximum quantity of oxygen possible to tissues and aid in the removal carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration, and urea. The interior of a red blood cell contains a massive concentration of hemoglobin, roughly one-third by weight (30-34 g/dL for an adult). This